Assessment of testicular function begins with the history and physical examination of a patient.
Inadequate testosterone production or action during embryogenesis can cause hypospadias, cryptorchidism, or microphallus. Leydig cell failure prior to puberty prevents sexual maturation. longer than the upper body segment (pubis to crown). Therefore, the assessment of androgen status should include an inquiry about developmental abnormalities at birth (e.g. hypospadias, microphallus, and/or cryptorchidism); sexual maturation and growth at puberty; rate of beard growth; and current libido, sexual function, strength, and energy.
